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The Ukubians were an ancient Okriti political entity and ethno-linguistic group that controlled a majority of Okrit in the 11th century TT. The Ukubian Empire is one of the most significant states in Okriti history due to its geographical extent and economic importance at its height and the ensuing aftermath of its downfall, having an immense influence on Okriti culture and politics to the modern era.

History

The Ukubian historical record consists primarily of literature, as the reverence for the Ukubian civilization has ensured many primary sources have remained preserved, though primarily as copies, abridged versions and translations, with few remaining direct versions. Primary sources however are often overshadowed by the vast amount post-Imperial literature, which can vary immensely in accuracy between sources and often rely heavily on contemporary sources and oral accounts. Folk retellings of Ukubian history persist to the modern day, however modern folk tradition differ greatly from place to place and often end up muddying various details and aspects of events. Modern day research of Ukubian history is often considered more accurate, as modern methods incorporate the analysis of multiple accounts in comparison to each other as well as archaeological evidence, however modern research is currently in its infancy, and was initially discouraged by the Federal Government for "belittling national unity".

Origins

What is most known of pre-imperial Ukubian history comes primarily from traditional stories maintained during the imperial era, and likewise passed on in contemporary accounts, while overall narrative of the foundation of the Ukubians can't be verified, archeological evidence otherwise supports that several highlander denominations merged and began to monopolize surrounding resources, achieving eventual urbanization and sedentary agriculture.

Modern analysis of linguistic, cultural and archeological evidence asserts that the Ukubians originated in the western Highlands within the modern day area of Peak Province as part of a broader West-Highland ethno-linguistic grouping that includes the modern day Kass and Amarte highlander tribes. Oye and Ofot folk tradition attributes the Ukubians as "the only sophisticated highland folk", tracing their own historical prejudices towards the highlanders from the perceived superiority of Ukubians, despite their relative cultural and linguistic similarities to adjacent groups. Pre or proto-Ukubian peoples most likely lived semi-nomadic lives within separate clan denominations, following cultural and lifestyle trends commonplace for highlander tribes, most notably the attribution totemic or "ancestral" animals to represent denominations.

Folkloric accounts of the foundation of Ukubian civilization often differ on specific times, events and individuals involved, thought the majority agree that a united Ukubian identity formed from the unification of 5 highland clans fleeing an event called 'the great cataclysm', banding together within the Valley of Old Ukub to fight it back. The five tribes that constituted this original version of Ukubian civilization, represented by their five respective totem animals of the Falcon, Ox, Serpent, Jackal and Panther, would become the 5 clans characteristic of the Ukubian nobility. While these stories often hold fantastical elements, such as people transforming into animals, or attributing the cataclysm as being a an army of spirits or walls of fire, historians tend to corroborate that Ukubian civilization emerged from the conglomeration of highland clans within the western periphery. Archeological finds suggest that the cataclysm references an actual historical drought that probably occurred during the 15th to 14th century TT, however the nature of the unification as entirely peaceful is disputed. Nonetheless, it was around this point that Ukubian society began to organise into dense urban structures supplied by a sedentary agricultural complex and further began to record using written languages, with the oldest legible inscription dating back to 1412 TT.

Old Ukubian Period

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Imperial period

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Fractured period

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Culture

The Ukubians were originally separated into 5 clans, each associated with a specific totem animal; Oxen, Wolf, Panther (Cakmul), Snake (Išim) & Falcon. Folklore tradition would attribute these animals as being the direct forebears of each lineage, members of each clan often being stereotyped as having characteristics associated with each animal. The clan denominations partly continued on into the imperial period through the the family names of the nobility. This in turn was used to distinguish the families of the nobility from the commoners, and is often considered the origin point of Ukubian social stratification between the upper and lower classes. These clans warred with and traded amongst each other until around 2010 TT, wherein the clans formed into a single political & cultural entity. This merger is often attributed to rising hostility from the other Highlander denominations, however there are multiple theories that suggest different origins, such as mutual economic benefit or in response to famine, creating a larger military in order to conquer the more agriculturally successful peoples of the Onomati lowlands.

Political system

Religion

Language

Legacy

Historical impact

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+{{Unfinished}}
-The Ukubians were an ancient [[Okrit|Okriti]] political entity and ethno-linguistic group that controlled a majority of Okrit in the 14th century TT. The Ukubian Empire is one of the most significant states in [[History of Okrit|Okriti history]] due to its geographical extent and economic importance at its height and the ensuing aftermath of its downfall, having an immense influence on Okriti culture and politics to the modern era.
+The '''Ukubians''' were an ancient [[Okrit|Okriti]] political entity and ethno-linguistic group that controlled a majority of Okrit in the 11th century TT. The Ukubian Empire is one of the most significant states in [[History of Okrit|Okriti history]] due to its geographical extent and economic importance at its height and the ensuing aftermath of its downfall, having an immense influence on Okriti culture and politics to the modern era.
 == History ==
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 === Origins ===
-Modern analysis of linguistic, cultural and archeological evidence asserts that the Ukubians originated in the western [[Okriti Highlanders|Highlands]] within the modern day area of [[Peak Province]] as part of a broader West-Highland ethno-linguistic grouping that includes the modern day [[Kassafret|Kass]] and [[Amarte Highlanders|Amarte]] highlander tribes. [[Oye]] and [[Ofot]] folk tradition attributes the Ukubians as "the only sophisticated highland folk", tracing their own historical prejudices towards the highlanders from the perceived superiority of Ukubians, despite their relative cultural and linguistic similarities to adjacent groups. Pre or proto-ukubian peoples most likely lived semi-nomadic lives within separate clan denominations, following cultural and lifestyle trends commonplace for highlander tribes, most notably the attribution totemic or "ancestral" animals to represent denominations.
-==== Tribal period ====
 What is most known of pre-imperial Ukubian history comes primarily from traditional stories maintained during the imperial era, and likewise passed on in contemporary accounts, while overall narrative of the foundation of the Ukubians can't be verified, archeological evidence otherwise supports that several highlander denominations merged and began to monopolize surrounding resources, achieving eventual urbanization and sedentary agriculture.
+Modern analysis of linguistic, cultural and archeological evidence asserts that the Ukubians originated in the western [[Okriti Highlanders|Highlands]] within the modern day area of [[Peak Province]] as part of a broader West-Highland ethno-linguistic grouping that includes the modern day [[Kassafret|Kass]] and [[Amarte Highlanders|Amarte]] highlander tribes. [[Oye]] and [[Ofot]] folk tradition attributes the Ukubians as "the only sophisticated highland folk", tracing their own historical prejudices towards the highlanders from the perceived superiority of Ukubians, despite their relative cultural and linguistic similarities to adjacent groups. Pre or proto-Ukubian peoples most likely lived semi-nomadic lives within separate clan denominations, following cultural and lifestyle trends commonplace for highlander tribes, most notably the attribution totemic or "ancestral" animals to represent denominations.
-According to traditional accounts the people of the western valley descend from five ancestral animals that "bore the fruit of humanity" upon obtaining a great strength or spiritual status. Initially the western valley was inhabited by "men made of mud and sticks", however was eventually settled by the falcon clan, who had been fleeing a "great cataclysm". Upon settling, the falcon clan's village was often raided by the mud men, who stole food and killed the residents, wearing their skins as garments. The people pleaded to the falcon to aid them, and upon descending, gifted his people stones flint and instructed the people to strike them the next time the mud men attacked. When the night came, and the mud men descended upon the village, the people struck their flints together towards the monsters and lit a great fire, that burnt the wood and baked the clay the men were made of, simultaneously discovering pottery and fire. When the mud men were defeated, the valley had been made a much safer place, and began to flourish with fruits and animals, which drew the clan of the Ox. When they settled, they began to till the land and sow seed in the manner the Ox had showed them, which amazed the falcon clan, who offered to share their knowledge of fire and pottery in exchange. This benefitted the two clans greatly, and eventually led to marriages between members of the clans.
-Over time, the valley was settled by the clans of the Serpent, Panther and Jackal, who would live commensally with the falcon and ox clans and with each other, until 3000 years ago, the "great cataclysm" which the falcon clan had originally been fleeing came to the edges of the valley, and threatened to devastate all the people who lived there. Traditional sources attribute that the valley was surrounded by great walls of fire that clamored with spirits and monsters, however evidence from soil sampling, pollen sampling and dendrochronological records suggests that a drought had occurred within the highlands around that time, approximately 2800 to 2500TT, coinciding with an increase in the frequency of weapon sites and graves. This suggests that the great cataclysm is in fact a cultural memory of this event, potentially lending credence to the folklore as a historical source. Initially, the clans fought amongst each other for the slowly lessening resources, until Nahbub, a person of falcon and ox lineage, saw that the fires were being stoked by the spirits within them, and theorized that they could be fought back if all the clans worked together.
-Nahbub rallied the clans together and organized a system in which the clans could work together to fight off the cataclysm. This system, named the "inbehga" or "five fingers of war", split all the people into separate groups regardless of clan, where two lines of people would stand at the edge of the fire, one dousing it with water, and the other hence slaying the beasts within. The lines would be supplied by runners, who would fetch water from the rivers and bring it to the lines in pails, while a fourth group, would tend to the children and the wounded in the safety of the valley. While initially hesitant, the clans agreed on the basis that they would die whether they tried or not. As their efforts began, Nahbub assured that each clan attributed equally, that all the children and wounded of each clan were healed, that all contributed to fetching water and that all contributed to fighting the fires, and within two days and three nights, the people had fought the fires down to the foot of the mountains outside of the valley and they began to die down. Upon seeing their victory in unity, all of the clans proclaimed their loyalty and cooperation with each other and built a great hall in the mountainside that they feasted in. It was henceforth that the Ukubian people began, and went on to conquer and tame the wilderness in their continued fight against the cataclysm.
+Folkloric accounts of the foundation of Ukubian civilization often differ on specific times, events and individuals involved, thought the majority agree that a united Ukubian identity formed from the unification of 5 highland clans fleeing an event called 'the great cataclysm', banding together within the Valley of Old Ukub to fight it back. The five tribes that constituted this original version of Ukubian civilization, represented by their five respective totem animals of the Falcon, Ox, Serpent, Jackal and Panther, would become the 5 clans characteristic of the Ukubian nobility. While these stories often hold fantastical elements, such as people transforming into animals, or attributing the cataclysm as being a an army of spirits or walls of fire, historians tend to corroborate that Ukubian civilization emerged from the conglomeration of highland clans within the western periphery. Archeological finds suggest that the cataclysm references an actual historical drought that probably occurred during the 15th to 14th century TT, however the nature of the unification as entirely peaceful is disputed. Nonetheless, it was around this point that Ukubian society began to organise into dense urban structures supplied by a sedentary agricultural complex and further began to record using written languages, with the oldest legible inscription dating back to 1412 TT.
-While the narrative and its individual elements can not be verified, it is generally considered that this story is an at least somewhat historical recount of potential events which led to the establishment of a unified Ukubian civilization, though dramatized through individual tellings. It is generally considered that this point in the narrative correlates to the years of 2500 to 2200TT to which the oldest known verifiable inscriptions in Ukubian scripts are dated, including traditional calendar dates and records of events, as well as metal artifacts.
 === Old Ukubian Period ===
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 [[Category:Okrit]]
-[[Category:Okriti Ethnic Groups]]
+[[Category:Ethnic group]]
+[[Category:Ethnic groups of Okrit]]
 [[Category:Okriti highlanders]]
-[[Category:Historical Nations of Okrit]]
+[[Category:Former Countries]]
+[[Category:History of Okrit]]
 [[Category:Okrit pages]]