Hapšâw'l language

Hapšâw'l, or Hapshaw'l is the language spoken by most residents of Hapšâw, where it is the main official language, as well as by the Hapšâw'l diaspora, which is concentrated mostly in La Rossa and T'vaqi. Hapšâw'l is believed to be the descendant of an earlier language (sometimes referred to as Proto-Hapšâw'l A) with significant influence by at least one additional language, leading to a large amount of loanwords in it's modern form. Hapšâw'l was first standardized during the reign of Kapahapšâw, and this form, known as Classical Hapšâw'l remains the formal register of the language, used in political or educational settings, as well as written prose or the majority of poetry.

Phonology

Classical Hapšâw'l

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Velar	Glottal
Stop	p b	t d			k g
Nasal		ɱ	n		ŋ
Trill			r		ʀ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		h ɦ
Approximant		ʋ	l	j	ɰ

Vowel

	Front	Middle	Back
Close	i		u
Middle	e	ɘ	ʌ ɔ
Open			ɑ

Structure

Hapšâw'l largely adheres to a CV(F) syllabic structure, wherein a consonant is followed by a vowel which can be followed by one of the approximants (/w, j, l, ŵ/), as well as a nasal, which takes on the place of articulation of the consonant succeeding it, but is pronounced as /n/ when at the end of a word. However a pair consisting of a stop followed by a sibilant (/s,z ʃ, ʒ/) can also be placed at the start of a syllable, without a vowel separating them. The consonants /w, l and n/ can function as syllabic consonants and can form a syllable with no vowel as well as no initial. Stress is almost universally placed on the last syllable.

Modern Spoken Hapšâw'l

Speakers of modern Hapšâw'l are split into two main dialects: Tokšahalnal: spoken in most of the country as well as among the Boatmen and Goyhalnal: spoken by inhabitants of the western coast of Hapšâw, west of the mountain range. Although the dialects are quite different from each other speakers of one usually do not struggle to understand the other.

Consonants

	Tokšahalnal							Goyhalnal
	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	P.alveolar	Velar	Glottal		Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	P.alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Stop	p b	t d			k g			p b	t d
Nasal	m		n		ŋ				ɱ	n		ŋ
Trill			r
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ	ɣ	h ɦ			f v	s z	ʃ ʒ	x ɣ
Approximant	w		l	j	ɰ			w		l	j	ɰ