Rendej language
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Rendej Tlakkûr (/ʈæⁿdætʂ tɬɒkxʼu˞/), or simply Rendej is a language used by the residents of Bi·rrendi, where it is the sole official (and known) language.
Phonology
| labial/dental | alveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m̥ m | n | ɲ̊ ɲ | ||
| stop | p b mb | t d nd | ʈ | c ɟ | |
| fricative | θ | s ɬ | ʂ | x | |
| affricate | pɸ | tɬ | tʂ | kx | |
| ejective stop | pʼ | tʼ | ʈʼ | cʼ | |
| ejective affricate | pɸʼ | tɬʼ | tʂʼ | kxʼ |
Nasals and fricatives can be geminated when a final consonant precedes an identical initial, or when preceded or succeeded by a geminating affix, when this happens to a stop or an affricate they become an ejective and may lose voicing. If a geminating affix neighbors a vowel a single, non geminated h is added.
| front | back | |
|---|---|---|
| close | i(˞) | ɯ(˞) u(˞) |
| open | æ(˞) | ɒ(˞) |
Rendej exhibits vowel harmony, meaning words in Rendej can only contain either only rounded (in bold) or unrounded vowels. All five of the vowels may be rhoticized.
Orthography
Natively Rendej uses a syllabary composed of 51 consonant-vowel pairs as well as a gemination sign, which is referred to as Rendej Haffûr. The syllabary does not distinguish between final consonants and open syllables (final consonants use the vowel of the proceeding sign, for example dux is written as TU-XU), nor does it distinguish voiced, unvoiced and prenasalized consonants, it also merges rhotic and non-rhotic vowels, as well as u and û and e and a.
| -A | -I | -U | -A | -I | -U | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M- | L- | ||||||
| N- | X- | ||||||
| Ny- | H- | ||||||
| P- | F- | ||||||
| T- | Tl- | ||||||
| R- | J- | ||||||
| C- | K- | ||||||
| Th- | ∅- | ||||||
| S- | 2* | ||||||
Due to the vague and inaccurate nature of this orthography OoU media should use the following romanization scheme.
| romanized | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | û | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | ɒ | b | c | d | æ | pf | ɟ | x | i | tʂ | kx | ɬ | m | n | p | ʈ | s | t | ɯ | u | ʂ |
Including these digraphs:
| ar | er | ir | mb | mh | nd | nh | ny | tl | th | ur | ûr | |
| ɒ˞ | æ˞ | i˞ | mb | m̥ | nd | ɲ̊ | ɲ | tɬ | θ | ɯ˞ | u˞ |
Additionally, the middle dot (·) is used to break apart digraphs, for example Birrendi would be pronounced /bi˞ʈændi/.
Grammar
Verbs
verbs in Rendej are conjugated based on person, number and tense. The infinitive forms of verbs always end in -l, and verbs can be formed by adding -el/-al to a noun or adjective.
| abal - to eat | present | habitual | past | future | gnomic | ijjul - to run | present | habitual | past | future | gnomic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | singular | aba | aballar | abalmba | kûaba | abal | 1st person | singular | ijju | ijjuller | ijjulmbe | kijju | ijjul |
| plural | ababû·r | ababûllar | abalbûppa | kûabab | abalbû·r | plural | ijjubi·r | ijjubiller | ijjulbippe | kijjub | ijjulbi·r | ||
| 2nd person | singular | abat | abatar | abalmbat | kûabat | abalat | 2nd person | singular | ijjut | ijjuterr | ijjulmbet | kijjut | ijjulet |
| plural | abatta | abattar | abalmbatta | kûabatta | abalatta | plural | ijjutte | ijjutter | ijjulmbette | kijjutte | ijjulette | ||
| 3rd person | singular | abala | abalar | abalmba | kûabala | aballa | 3rd person | singular | ijjule | ijjuler | ijulmbe | kijjute | ijulle |
| plural | ababûlla | ababûllar | abalbûppa | kûabab | abalbûlla | plural | ijjubille | ijjubiller | ijulbippe | kijjub | ijulbilla | ||
Sentences in Rendej Tlakkûr are typically VSO, but can be in any order. The word for
Nouns
Nouns are declined based on case. The prefix bi2-/bû2- forms the plural forms of nouns, while the prefix ki2-/kû2- is used for uncountably large but distinct groups of objects, for example a particular group of people, the sand on one beach, or the water in one dish.
| nominative | genitive | dative | ablative | allative | privative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rounded | closed | gam - tree | a-gam | accam | gammaj | gammûj | gamûn |
| open | haffûr - writing | a-haffûr | ahhaffûr | haffaj | haffûj | haffûrhûn | |
| unrounded | closed | gim - person | a-gim | uccim | gimmej | gimmij | gimin |
| open | rendi - field | a-rendi | u·rrendi | rendej | rendij | rendihin | |
Pronouns
| nom | gen | dat | abl | all | priv | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | la | ala | al | laj | lajû | lun |
| 2nd person | kis | ekis | ekki | kej | keji | kin |
| 3rd person | fir | efir | effir | fej | ferji | firhin |