Standard Weatherplague Caseic language
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Standard Weatherplague Caseic is an old form of the Caseic language which was spoken around the 500s TT. It is named after the contemporary Caseic Weatherplague.
History
Standard Weatherplague Caseic originally started as a pidgin trade language used on the roads between Ibe-Jibin, Ibe-Nacha, and Framaja-Nayela, and as such combines features from Jibin and Nayelan. It became codified and standardised during the Caseic Weatherplague, hence the name.
During and after the Weatherplague, the language began to see official use in the governments of the Nacha Republic and Chacya Kingdom, but not in the Cajia Kingdom, which spoke Weatherplague Yechan and Weatherplague Jasfeyan. With the collapse of the Nacha Republic, Chacya Kingdom, and Cajia Kingdom in the 200s TT, the language evolved into Vigintarchy-era Caseic, which had split into a northern dialect and southern dialect. This southern dialect would later become the version of the Caseic language spoken in Ibe-Jibin, and thus the official dialect of the Caseic Federation established in the 40s TT. The northern dialect would later split into the official dialect of the Greater Nayela Union (Northern Dialect Caseic) and the official dialect in Esiga (Esiga Caseic).
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal stop | m | n | ||
| Plosive | p b | t | k g | |
| Affricate | tɕ | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ʑ | |
| Approximant | w | l | j | (w) |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |
| Diphthongs | əi, eʉ, iʉ |
Orthography
Romanisation
This is the orthography used to represent Standard Weatherplague Caseic on the wiki.
| Letter | Sound |
|---|---|
| a | a |
| ai | əi |
| b | b |
| c | k |
| ć | tɕ |
| e | e |
| eu | eʉ |
| f | f |
| g | g |
| i | i |
| iu | iʉ |
| l | l |
| m | m |
| n | n |
| o | o |
| p | p |
| s | s |
| t | t |
| u | u |
| w | w |
| y | j |
| ź | ʑ |
Differences from Post-Calming Caseic
Phonological
From Standard Weatherplague Caseic to Post-Calming Caseic:
- /l/ became /ɹ/ in consonant clusters. In the Southern Dialect, /l/ also became /ɹ/ intervocalically.
- /tɕ/ became /tʃ/ everywhere.
- /ʑ/ became /dʒ/ everywhere.
- /iʉ/ became /jʉ/.
- /əi/ rounded to /œy/.
- /eʉ/ unrounded to /ei/.
- /aje/ became diphthongised to /ae/.
- /e/ lowered to /ɛ/ outside of diphthongs.
- /o/ moved forward to /ɞ/.
- /u/ moved forward to /ʉ/.
- In Esiga Dialect, word-initial /f/ became /h/.
- In Esiga Dialect, the cluster /bw/ became /ɹ/.
Grammatical
From Standard Weatherplague Caseic to Post-Calming Caseic:
- The imperfect-perfect aspect distinction in verbs morphed into a gnomic-episodic distinction, as the imperfect forms of verbs began to more commonly be used for gnomic statements.
- The aiya ending on -en verbs in the imperative form began to be interpreted as a separate particle, which was later applied to -am verbs.
- Ergativity became more strict. In Standard Weatherplague Caseic, an intransitive verb could take an ergative or an absolutive subject. This was used connotatively. For example, in Standard Weatherplague Caseic, Naglaź baigameli would mean "the horse lies" (of its own accord), while Ac naglaź baigameli would mean "the horse lies" (due to the actions of an unstated agent, i.e. the horse has been laid). In Post-Calming Caseic, *Nagraj baigameri is considered ungrammatical, with Ac nagraj baigameri being the only valid form of this sentence.